The Use of Porcelain and Ceramic Slabs in Building Facades

In the past, natural stones and coverings were predominantly used for the exterior cladding of buildings. However, today, one of the most popular coverings for building exteriors is ceramic cladding. With the introduction of more advanced ceramic products known as porcelain ceramics, which feature high strength, very low porosity and permeability (almost zero), and high resistance to staining and chemical and environmental pollutants, consumer confidence in the durability and stability of ceramic coverings in exterior spaces has significantly increased. Nowadays, with technological advancements in tile and ceramic production, these products are available in large dimensions (ceramic slabs) and with various thicknesses, designs, and surface effects.

The standards and controls applied in the production process of tiles and ceramics result in greater durability compared to natural stone, maintaining their quality and stability over time. Unlike natural stone, stone-patterned ceramics do not wear out or erode over time, and their quality, appearance, and shine remain intact when used as exterior cladding.

Due to the more compact and dense structure of porcelain ceramics and their lower porosity, these products do not deteriorate or weather due to moisture and air penetration. This feature makes them more suitable for use in both cold and hot regions, as they have more controlled expansion and contraction. Consequently, in areas with high humidity or extreme temperatures, the use of porcelain ceramics for cladding is more popular.

Apart from the type of ceramic facade, which should be chosen to withstand outdoor weather conditions, selecting an appropriate design for the ceramic facade is also important. The choice of a suitable design for the ceramic facade depends on various parameters. For example, the type of architecture in each region significantly influences the selection of the appropriate design and color for the facades of buildings in that area. Additionally, the type of building and its identity and usage also determine the choice of ceramics used in the facade. Certainly, the color and design chosen for the ceramic facade used in a commercial or office building will differ from those used in a recreational and sports complex. For instance, for a one or two-story residential house in urban areas, using brick designs or ceramics with a natural stone texture is a suitable choice. However, for large office and commercial complexes, it is more recommended to use ceramics with a uniform color that do not have a specific design and sometimes have a very subtle texture of natural elements like stone and metal due to the application of relative unevenness and surface effects.

After selecting the appropriate design for the ceramic facade, another important point is the correct choice and use of the installation method. Among the three methods of installation with mortar, adhesive, and dry installation, all of which are used for installing tiles and ceramics on facades and each having its own advantages and disadvantages, it is necessary to consult with relevant experts to choose the best method and plan for the proper installation of the ceramic facade. In fact, choosing the appropriate installation method determines the quality and final appearance of the ceramic-covered facade.